The Toyota Hilux is a series of compact pickup pickups yielded plus advertised by the Japanese producer Toyota. Many nations chosen the Hilux name for the whole existence of the series in North America, the Hilux name was retired inside 1976 inside prefer of Truck, Pickup Truck, or Compact Truck. In North America the prevalent way package, the SR5, was colloquially selected because a model name for the truck, despite the reality the possibility package was equally chosen about alternative Toyota models like the Corolla. In 1984, the Trekker, the camper variation of the Hilux, was renamed because the 4Runner inside Australia plus North America, plus because the Hilux Surf inside Japan. In 1995, Toyota introduced a new pickup model, the Tacoma inside North America, discontinuing the Hilux/Pickup there. The 4Runner is today a full SUV, as well as the more latest models never resemble the Tacoma.
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is a kind of internal combustion 4 cylinder engine with all 4 cylinders installed inside a straight line, or airplane over the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders can be oriented inside either a vertical or an inclined airplane with the pistons driving a usual crankshaft. Where it is very inclined, it is actually occasionally called a slant-four. In a specification chart or whenever an abbreviation is selected, an inline-four engine is indexed either because I4 or L4.

The inline-four design is within best main balance plus confers a degree of mechanical simplicity that makes it favored for economy vehicles. But, despite its simplicity, it suffers from a secondary imbalance that causes minor vibrations inside small motors. These vibrations become more effective because engine size plus energy heighten, thus the more effective motors chosen inside greater vehicles mostly are more complex designs with over 4 cylinders.

Today most producers of four-cylinder machines for vehicles provide the inline-four design, with Subaru's flat-four engine being a notable exception, so four-cylinder is synonymous with along with a more popular expression than inline-four. The inline-four is the most commonly known engine configuration inside contemporary vehicles, whilst the V6 engine is the next best. In the late 2000s, with car producers creating efforts with minimize emissions; plus heighten gas efficiency due with the excellent cost of oil as well as the financial recession, the proportion of hot cars available inside the U.S. with four-cylinder machines rose from 20 % with 47 % between 2005 plus 2008, especially inside mid-size cars where a decreasing amount of customers have selected the V6 performance choice.
The Hilux began manufacturing inside March 1968 because the RN10 inside short-wheelbase shape with a 1.5 L engine, producing 77 PS inside Japanese marketplace spec, plus inside Japan it was accessible at Toyota Japan dealership retail stores called Toyota Store plus Toyopet Store. The modification with the engine was enough for a reported 130 kilometres per hr top speed. This was upgraded with a 1.6 L inline-four engine inside February 1971.

In April 1969, a long-wheelbase adaptation was put into the range. The short-wheelbase adaptation moreover continued inside manufacturing for a lot more years. The long-wheelbase variation wasn't available found on the North American marketplace till 1972. The Hilux was available because an alternative with the Toyota Crown, Toyota Corona, plus Toyota Corona Mark II based pickup pickups inside Japan, because the Crown, Corona, plus Corona Mark II were repositioned because passenger sedans.

In spite of the name "Hilux", it became a deluxe car just compared to the Stout. The Hilux was designed plus assembled by Hino Motors with substitute the earlier car which the Hilux was extracted from, called the Briska inside the niche underneath the heavier plus elder Stout – it changed the Stout completely inside certain markets. For the North American marketplace, truly the only body fashion became a normal cab brief bed plus all were rear-wheel drive. It utilized a typical truck setup of A-arms plus coil springs inside front along with a live axle with leaf springs inside back. A four-speed guide transmission was standard.
In May 1972, the 1973 model year Hilux was introduced because the RN20. A more comfortable interior was specified together with outdoor updates. A 2.25 m "lengthy bed" was a choice for the first-time inside North America, though such a variation had been accessible internationally because April 1969. This received the "RN25" chassis code. The 2.0 liter 18R engine became obtainable in late 1973 inside Japan also, albeit just inside combination with a three-speed automatic transmission.

The Hilux was radically redesigned inside 1975 with be bigger plus with improved standard equipment. In North America the unique adaptation furthermore meant the introduction of the considerably bigger 20R engine as well as the SR5 upscale trim package. A five-speed guide transmission became optional. In North America, the Hilux name was totally phased out inside prefer of "Truck" by which year, having been dropped from brochures plus advertising beginning inside 1973.
A timing belt, timing chain or cam belt is a element of a internal combustion engine which synchronizes the rotation of the crankshaft as well as the camshaft thus which the engine's valves open plus close at the right instances throughout every cylinder's consumption plus exhaust strokes. In an interference engine the timing belt or chain is furthermore important with preventing the piston from striking the valves. A timing belt is a belt which generally qualities teeth found on the inside surface, when a timing chain is a roller chain.

Many contemporary creation car motors use the timing belt or chain with synchronize crankshaft plus camshaft rotation; certain machines rather use gears with straight drive the camshafts. The employ of the timing belt or chain rather of direct gear drive allows engine designers with spot the camshaft further within the crankshaft, plus inside machines with several camshafts a timing belt or chain moreover allows the camshafts with be located further from every alternative. Timing stores were popular about manufacturing cars from the 1970s plus 1980s, whenever timing belts became the norm, however, timing stores have watched a resurgence inside latest years. Timing stores are more durable than timing belts – though neither is because durable because direct gear drive – but, timing belts are lighter, cheaper, plus work more quietly.
In the internal combustion engine application the timing belt or chain links the crankshaft with the camshaft, which control the starting plus closing of the engine's valves. A four-stroke engine demands which the valves open plus close when each additional revolution of the crankshaft. The timing belt does this. It has teeth with turn the camshaft synchronised with all the crankshaft, plus is particularly tailored for a specific engine. In several engine designs the timing belt will moreover be chosen with drive different engine components like water pump plus oil pump.

Gear or chain systems are equally chosen with connect the crankshaft with the camshaft at the correct timing. But, gears plus shafts constrain the relative place of the crankshaft plus camshafts. Even where the crankshaft plus camshaft are extremely close together, because inside pushrod motors, many engine designers utilize a brief chain drive instead of a direct gear drive. This really is considering gear forces experience frequent torque reversal because the cam profiles "kick back" from the drive within the crank, leading with excessive sound plus wear. Fibre gears, with more resilience, are preferred with steel gears where direct drive has with be selected.

A belt or chain enables more flexibility inside the relative places of the crankshaft plus camshafts.

While stores plus gears can be more durable, rubber composite belts are quieter inside their surgery, are cheaper plus better, by dint of being lighter, whenever compared with a gear or chain program. Also, timing belts never need lubrication, that is imperative with a timing chain or gears. A timing belt is a particular application of the synchronous belt chosen with transfer rotational force synchronously.

Timing belts are usually covered by metal or polymer timing belt covers that need reduction for inspection or substitution. Engine producers suggest substitution at certain intervals. The producer can equally suggest the substitution of alternative components, including water pump, whenever the timing belt is changed considering the extra expense with substitute water pump is negligible compared with the expense of accessing the timing belt. In an interference engine, or 1 whose valves extend into the path of the piston, failure of the timing belt invariably results inside costly plus, inside several situations, irreparable engine damage, because several valves is held open whenever they cannot be and therefore is struck by the pistons.
The redesigned Hilux was introduced inside August 1978, with a 4WD variant introduced inside Jan 1979. The 4WD variant – not available with any motors small than the two-litre "18R" – showcased several prevalent technologies with all the heavier Toyota Land Cruiser. Production of the four-wheel forces stopped in July 1983, nevertheless several 2WD variations continued in parallel with all the upcoming generation. The L series diesel engine was available found on the 2WD variants from September 1979 as well as the 4WD variants inside March 1983. In Japan, the Hilux was joined with all the all hot Toyota MasterAce, sharing load carrying tasks, plus available at Toyota Store places alongside the Hilux.

In North America the Hilux saw the utilization of four-wheel drive. It had a strong front axle plus leaf suspension. The body saw a redesign which included single round headlights along with a less complex body. This modern 4WD setup showcased a gear driven RF1A transfer case. This transfer case is distinctive because its low-range reduction part is replicated, utilizing what certain refer with because a double or triple transfer case. This results inside a much lower total gear ratio. It was the initially Hilux accessible with an automatic transmission.

In 1981 a car development agreement was established between Toyota, Winnebago Industries plus 2 additional aftermarket customizers. This was with enable Toyota with enter the SUV marketplace inside North America. The cars that resulted from this collaboration were the Trekker, Wolverine, as well as the Trailblazer. All 3 utilized the Hilux 4×4 RV cab plus chassis, plus an all-fiberglass back section. There were at minimum 1,500 Trekkers, 400 Trailblazers plus an unknown quantity of Wolverines available inside North America. Research plus development function found on the Trekker led with the development of the 4Runner/Hilux Surf, that was introduced inside 1984.

Toward the finish of the SR5's manufacturing run, Toyota introduced the deluxe Mojave for the US marketplace because a limited-production model with choices not accessible about any additional Toyota pickup. List priced at US$8,308, it showcased bucket seats, two-speaker multiplex radio, chrome front plus back bumpers, plus no Toyota logo about either the grille or tailgate. Cruise control, force steering, plus air conditioner were optional. It was driven by the SR5's standard 2.4 L inline 4.
The August 1983 redesign introduced the Xtracab, two-row extended cab way. These "1984" models carried over the carbureted 22R engine whilst model year 1984 equally saw the introduction of the gas injected 22R-E. Two diesel machines were furthermore available, the 2L as well as the turbocharged 2L-T. The diesels were discontinued inside the U.S. following the 1986 model year, this was due with high performance expectations from shoppers as well as the broad supply of inexpensive gasoline. The upcoming year saw the introduction of the turbocharged choice, the 22R-TE, maybe due with improving competition from Nissan whom absolutely available a V6 truck at this time. The strong front axle was swapped out for an independent front suspension/torsion bar setup inside the 4×4 model inside 1986, plus optional automatic differential disconnect for the front differential plus an electronic transfer case was added also. A V6 engine was introduced inside 1988. The Hilux-based 4Runner that created its entry inside Australia, North America as well as the UK was based about this generation Hilux; inside other markets, like Japan, it was called the Hilux Surf.

Toyota introduced a brand-new generation of the Hilux inside many markets inside late 1988 yet the 4th generation stayed inside manufacturing till 1997 inside South Africa. Toyota states this was due with South African "content laws" that produced it cheaper with continue with make the 4th generation Hilux, instead of with retool the plant for the fifth generation.
Timing belts need to be changed at the manufacturer's recommended distance and/or time periods. Failure with substitute the belt may cause complete breakdown or catastrophic engine failure, particularly inside interference motors. The owner's manual repair schedule is the source of timing belt substitution intervals, usually each 60,000 with 100,000 miles. It is usual with substitute the timing belt tensioner simultaneously because the belt is changed.

The normal failure methods of timing belts are either stripped teeth or delamination plus unraveling of the fiber cores. Breakage of the belt, as a result of the nature of the significant tensile materials, is unusual. Correct belt tension is important - too loose as well as the belt usually whip, too tight plus it might whine plus place extra stress found on the bearings of the cogs. In either case belt existence is dramatically shortened. Aside within the belt itself, equally normal is a failure of the tensioner, and/or the different gear plus idler bearings, causing the belt with derail.
The upcoming redesign, inside 1988, yielded a longer-wheelbase way, 3,099 mm instead of 2,616 mm for the standard wheelbase. Its one-piece cargo-box walls eliminated the rust-prone seams that have been found inside earlier models. The V6 Xtracab SR5 earned Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year honor which year. The Xtracabs today showcased more area behind the front seats than the last generation that permitted optional jump-seats for back guests, the feature more inside line with competitors of the time.

In 1991, American manufacturing started at the NUMMI plant inside Fremont, California, nevertheless several pickups available inside the United States throughout the 91–95 model years were nonetheless produced inside Japan.

The Hilux received a minor facelift inside 1991, that had been a minor grill change as well as the fresh Toyota emblem which had been lately adopted.

It was throughout this generation which Toyota discontinued the Hilux inside the United States, substituting it with all the hot Tacoma inside 1995.

Engines:

1988–1995: 1.8 L 2Y-U I4, 58 kW at 5,000rpm 140 N·m at 3,200rpm

2Y I4, 61 kW at 4,800rpm 140 N·m at 2,800rpm

1989–1995: 2.4 L 22R-E SOHC EFI I4, 84 kW at four,600 rpm plus 192 N·m at 3,400 rpm
1989–1995: 3.0 L 3VZ-E V6, 112 kW at 4,800 rpm
1989–1997: 2.4 L 2L-II diesel I4, 66 kW at four,200 rpm plus 167 N·m at 2,400 rpm
2.8 L 3L diesel I4, 67 kW at 4,000 rpm plus 188 N·m at 2,400 rpm

Volkswagen built plus advertised them below the Volkswagen Taro name from February 1989 with March 1997.
For sales inside Colombia, Ecuador plus Venezuela, the Hilux was yielded inside Colombia from 1994 with 1998 by the SOFASA organization. For sales inside Argentina, Brazil, plus Uruguay, the Hilux was yielded inside Argentina from 1997 from 2005. For sales inside Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay plus Peru, the Hilux was imported from factories inside Japan from 1989 with 1997.

South American markets:

single cab chassis
single cab extended bed
xtra cab
team cab

An even-firing inline-four engine is within main balance considering the pistons are moving inside pairs, plus 1 pair of pistons is usually moving up simultaneously because the alternative pair is moving down. However, piston acceleration plus deceleration is better inside the best half of the crankshaft rotation than inside the bottom half, considering the connecting rods are not infinitely lengthy, causing a non-sinusoidal motion. As a happen, 2 pistons are usually accelerating quicker inside 1 way, whilst the alternative 2 are accelerating more gradually inside the alternative way, that causes a secondary dynamic imbalance which causes an up-and-down vibration at twice crankshaft speed. This imbalance is usual amidst all piston motors, yet the impact is very sturdy about inline-four as a result of the 2 pistons usually moving together.

Why for the piston's high speed throughout the 180° rotation from mid-stroke from top-dead-centre, plus back with mid-stroke, is the fact that the minor contribution with the piston's up/down movement within the connecting rod's change of angle here has the same way because the main contribution with the piston's up/down movement within the up/down movement of the crank pin. By contrast, throughout the 180° rotation from mid-stroke from bottom-dead-centre plus back with mid-stroke, the minor contribution with the piston's up/down movement within the connecting rod's change of angle has the opposite way of the main contribution with the piston's up/down movement within the up/down movement of the crank pin.

The strength of the imbalance is determined by 1. Reciprocating mass, 2. Ratio of connecting rod size with stroke, plus 3. Acceleration of piston movement. So tiny displacement motors with light pistons show small impact, plus racing motors employ extended connecting rods. But, the impact grows exponentially with crankshaft rotational speed. See crossplane post for unusual inline-four designs.
The Hilux was yielded inside Colombia for sales inside Colombia, Venezuela, plus Ecuador from 1998 with 2005 by the SOFASA business. In Venezuela plus Ecuador, the single-cab 2WD chassis/long bed is known as the Stout II). For sales inside Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, it was imported from Japan from 1998 by 2004. This model wasn't available inside Argentina or Brazil considering the fifth generation Hilux had received a redesign plus upgrade.

South American markets:

single cab chassis
single cab extended bed
Xtracab
team cab

Thailand

Toyota changed creation within the Hilux Mighty-X with the Hilux Tiger inside the late 1990s plus prepared it the international export hub. The Thailand-made Hilux Tiger went by the following versions:

1998–1999: Hilux Tiger with all the 3.0l 5L engine
2000–2001: Hilux Tiger with all the 3.0l 5L-E EFI engine
2001: Hilux Tiger with 1KZ engine
Late 2001 – late 2004: Hilux Tiger SportCruiser with D4D engine

In 2005, Toyota ceased creation of the Hilux truck for the Japanese marketplace. This was the last generation Hilux with be obtainable in Japan.