The Ford Laser became a compact vehicle that was available by Ford inside Asia, Oceania, plus components of South America, plus Africa. It has usually been accessible because a sedan or hatchback, though convertible, wagon plus pick-up versions have equally been obtainable in different markets.
The Ford Laser became a restyled variation of the Familia/323 models yielded by Mazda inside Japan from 1980 onwards. Ford had acquired a 25% stake inside Mazda inside 1979.

In Australia, New Zealand plus Europe where Ford was enjoyed because a 'local' brand, the Laser outsold its Mazda twin, in neighbouring Asian nations, including Singapore, Malaysia plus Hong Kong, in addition to Japan itself, the reverse was the case. However, pooling resources with Mazda enabled Ford with keep the foothold inside the area. This was additionally the case inside South America, Africa, as well as the Caribbean, where the Laser was equally available, quite often being nearby assembled.
The KA Laser, built below license from Mazda, was introduced inside March 1981. In January 1983 it underwent a facelift with become the KB. Light changes were created with the back, whilst the front was redesigned inside a more contemporary fashion, aligning it with Ford's business look of the era. Originally available just with all the 1.3 liter engine, the small 1.1 liter engine was not obtainable in Australia. Later, 1.5 liter versions were added, eventually even a turbocharged adaptation.

Aside from being integrated Australia plus Japan, several Lasers were additionally assembled inside New Zealand. New Zealand-built Laser hatchbacks were accessible with all the 1.1 liter, 1.3 liter, plus 1.5 liter machines, whilst the Laser sedan wasn't accessible with all the 1.1 liter engine. In certain nations, like Australia, the four-door saloon bodystyle was advertised because the "Ford Meteor".

Engine specifications:

Mazda E1, 41 kW 1.1 L Carb 8V SOHC
Mazda E3, 49 kW 1.3 L Carb 8V SOHC
Mazda E5, 54 kW 1.5 L Carb 8V SOHC
Mazda E5, 59 kW 1.5 L Twin Carb 8V SOHC
Mazda E5T, 78 kW 1.5 L Carb 8V SOHC Turbo
Mazda E5T, 85 kW 1.5 L EFI 8V SOHC Turbo

A station wagon, equally property automobile or property, is an automotive body-style variant of the sedan/saloon with its rooftop extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo amount with access at the back through a 3rd or fifth door, rather of the torso lid. The body fashion changes the standard three-box shape into a two-box shape — with include an A, B, plus C-pillar, and a D-pillar. Station wagons could flexibly reconfigure their inside amount through fold-down back seats with prioritize either passenger or cargo amount.

The American Heritage Dictionary defines a station wagon because "an car with 1 or even more rows of folding or removable seats behind the driver plus no luggage compartment however an region behind the seats into that suitcases, parcels, etc., is loaded by the tailgate."

Whenever a model range involves several body designs, like sedan, hatchback plus station wagon, the models usually share their platform, drivetrain plus bodywork forward of the A-pillar. In 1969, Popular Mechanics mentioned, "Station wagon-style ... follows which of the manufacturing sedan of that it is actually the counterpart. Many are found on the same wheelbase, provide the same transmission plus engine choices, as well as the same comfort plus ease choices."

Station wagons have evolved off their early employ because specialized cars with carry folks plus luggage with plus from a train station, plus have been advertised worldwide
Introduced inside 1981, Ford Meteor was the name provided with the sedan variation of the Laser.

Whenever the Meteor was introduced inside Australia inside 1981 because the GA series, it changed the bigger Cortina, though this had been a temporary measure before the Telstar was introduced.

The Meteor grille differed somewhat plus was accessible about another model: a home-market Mazda Familia sedan. Replacing the Laser's amber indicators were white ones, as well as the grille had more of a "egg-crate" pattern than the plain black slats of the Laser. The Meteor equally had bigger headlights than the Laser, that had small ones "sunken" into the bodyshell. In Australia, it was just accessible with a 1.5 litre engine at release, inside GL plus Ghia trims—the 1.1 liter or 1.3 liter motors were not available. Naturally, it had a difficult job changing the Cortina, that had machines beginning at 2.0 liter, about a four.1 liter six-cylinder, and a station wagon choice.

The mid-term facelifted model of 1983, coded GB, brought the range closer together, though Meteors continued because a separate plus somewhat more premium line.

A turbocharger, or turbo, from Greek "τύρβη",,) is a turbine-driven forced induction device which increases an engine's efficiency plus force by forcing additional air into the combustion room. This improvement over a naturally aspirated engine's output results considering the turbine will force more air, plus proportionately more gas, into the combustion room than atmospheric stress alone.

Turbochargers were initially recognised as turbosuperchargers whenever all forced induction equipment were categorized because superchargers. Nowadays the expression "supercharger" is normally used with just mechanically driven forced induction equipment. The key difference between a turbocharger along with a traditional supercharger is the fact that the latter is mechanically driven by the engine, usually from the belt associated with the crankshaft, while a turbocharger is driven with a turbine driven by the engine's exhaust fuel. Compared with a mechanically driven supercharger, turbochargers are better, however less sensitive. Twincharger pertains with an engine with both a supercharger along with a turbocharger.

Turbochargers are popular about truck, automobile, train, aircraft, plus construction equipment machines. These are generally most frequently selected with Otto cycle plus Diesel cycle internal combustion machines. They have moreover been found valuable inside automotive gas cells.
On the other hand with turbochargers, superchargers are mechanically driven by the engine. Belts, stores, shafts, plus gears are popular techniques of powering a supercharger, placing a mechanical weight found on the engine. For instance, found on the single-stage single-speed supercharged Rolls-Royce Merlin engine, the supercharger utilizes regarding 150 horsepower. Yet the pros outweigh the costs; for the 150 hp with drive the supercharger the engine generates an more 400 horsepower, a web gain of 250 hp. This really is where the main downside of the supercharger becomes apparent; the engine should withstand the internet energy output of the engine and the energy with drive the supercharger.

Another downside of certain superchargers is lower adiabatic efficiency than turbochargers. Adiabatic efficiency is a measure of the compressor's ability with compress air without adding extra heat to this air. Even below perfect conditions, the compression procedure usually results inside elevated output temperature; yet, better compressors provide less extra heat. Roots superchargers impart more heat with the air than turbochargers. So, for a provided amount plus stress of air, the turbocharged air is cooler, plus because a happen denser, containing more oxygen molecules, plus consequently more possible energy than the supercharged air. In useful application the disparity involving the 2 is dramatic, with turbochargers usually producing 15% with 30% more force based entirely found on the variations inside adiabatic efficiency.

By comparison, a turbocharger refuses to put a direct mechanical weight found on the engine, though turbochargers spot exhaust back stress about machines, improving pumping losses. This really is better, considering when the improved back stress taxes the piston exhaust stroke, much of the stamina driving the turbine is offered by the still-expanding exhaust fuel which might otherwise be wasted because heat by the tailpipe. On the other hand to supercharging, the main downside of turbocharging is what exactly is called "lag" or "spool time". This really is the time between your need for an heighten inside energy as well as the turbocharger providing improved intake stress, plus therefore improved energy.

Throttle lag happens considering turbochargers depend found on the buildup of exhaust fuel stress with drive the turbine. In varying output systems including car motors, exhaust fuel stress at idle, low engine speeds, or low throttle is normally insufficient with drive the turbine. Just whenever the engine reaches enough speed does the turbine section begin with spool up, or angle rapidly enough with provide intake stress above atmospheric stress.

A mixture of an exhaust-driven turbocharger plus an engine-driven supercharger may mitigate the weaknesses of both. This technique is known as twincharging.

In the case of Electro-Motive Diesel's two-stroke machines, the mechanically-assisted turbocharger is not especially a twincharger, because the engine utilizes the mechanical assistance with charge air just at lower engine speeds plus business. When above notch # 5, the engine utilizes true turbocharging. This differs from a turbocharger which utilizes the compressor section of the turbo-compressor just throughout beginning plus, because a two-stroke machines cannot naturally aspirate, plus, according with SAE definitions, a two-stroke engine with a mechanically-assisted compressor throughout idle plus low throttle is considered naturally aspirated.
The 1985 KC Laser/GC Meteor was the model's initial main redesign. All body designs were carried over, with all the addition of the station wagon from 1986. A unique "TX3" variant, that was at the best of the "Laser" models inside specification level plus designated 'KC2', changed the "Sport" variant within the KB series. Unlike the Sport, the TX3 was just accessible because a three-door. The "L" & "GL" models were no longer accessible because a three-door. A notable change was the introduction of motors capable of running about 91RON Unleaded petrol. The 'E5' 1.5-litre SOHC carburettored engine which was optional about GL, plus standard about Ghia inside the KB series was changed with all the unique 'B6' 1.6-litre I4 SOHC. For the very first time, Electronic Fuel Injection was accessible because an alternative about Ghia models, plus was standard about TX3 models. Buyers who ordered automatic transmission with this engine received an electronically-controlled 4-speed device, that was very advanced for a little auto inside 1985. The 'B3' I4 SOHC 1.3-litre engine was standard found on the "L". The 1.6-litre engine was standard about GL, Ghia & TX3, though several early GL models were loaded with a 1.5-litre SOHC carburettored. A adaptation of the KC Laser, the Mercury Tracer, was advertised inside the US plus Canada, accessible because a hatchback plus wagon just. The Tracer hatchback shared its bodyshell with its Laser counterpart, nevertheless the wagon became a distinct shape based found on the Laser hatchback, instead of the sedan, because was the case with all the Meteor wagon.

KC model range:

Laser L
Laser GL
Laser Ghia
Laser TX3
Meteor L
Meteor GL
Meteor Ghia

In October 1987, Ford introduced a facelift of the KC series, the KE. There were a quantity of notable changes with all the introduction of the KE. The "Meteor" name was dropped within the sedan plus wagon body designs, meaning they were today badged because "Laser", like the hatchback variants. The TX3 was furthermore today accessible with a turbocharged engine plus all-wheel-drive because choices. The TX3 Turbo with AWD is today fairly uncommon plus very popular. The AWD was totally imported from Japan, whilst all additional models inside the Laser range were produced nearby inside the Sydney suburb of Homebush.

The KE is simple with distinguish within the earlier KC, by different grilles, headlights, tail lights, body-side mouldings, bonnet, front guards, plus about certain models, wheels. The dashboard plus instrument cluster received hot images, as well as the interior was obtainable in somewhat different color shades with the KC. In mid-1989, inside planning for a new ADR with come into impact inside 1990, all models were fitted with a high-mount back stop lamp because standard. Whenever the redesigned KF Laser was introduced inside March 1990, the wagon continued inside a sole GL specification, with minor updates till 1994, whenever Australian manufacturing of the Laser ceased.

The "L" is very uncommon, because it was mainly aimed at the budget or fleet buyer. It had silver-painted 13" steel wheels, without centre caps, a big analogue clock inside the instrument cluster, no passenger-side rear-view mirror, plastic inside trim, no body side mouldings, no back windscreen wiper, as well as the folding back seat was just one-piece. The stereo was additionally AM-only plus had no cassette player. Air conditioning wasn't accessible. The just engine about provide was the 1.3-litre engine, with 4-speed manual transmission. The "L" wagon had the same amount of trim, except the 1.3-litre engine was changed with all the 1.6-litre device nevertheless nevertheless with 4-speed transmission plus no automatic accessible.

The "GL" was the top model. It showcased the same silver-painted 13" steel wheels because the "L" nevertheless with satin chrome half-width centre caps, a digital clock found on the top of the dashboard, fabric inside trim, gray body side mouldings, a back windscreen wiper, gray tailgate plus beaver panel garnishes plus 50/50 split-fold back seat. The stereo was an analogue-tuned AM/FM device with a simple cassette player. Air conditioning was optional because a dealer-fit accessory. Power was offered with a 1.6-litre engine, with 4-speed manual transmission. Sedan plus wagon came standard with 5-speed transmission.

The Ghia was the deluxe model. It had black 14" steel wheels with full-size plastic wheel covers, energy steering, body-coloured rear-view mirrors plus bumpers, velour inside trim, tachometer, centre system with Ghia emblem, lockable glovebox, driver's seat with lumbar help plus height change, storage drawer beneath the front passenger seat, full-size inside door trims, vanity mirror inside passenger sunvisor, ticket holder inside driver's sunvisor, felt inside hoodlining plus sunvisors, back headrests, extra caution lights inside the instrument cluster, central locking with illuminated driver's door lock barrel, remote outdoor mirrors, front door chart pouches, front seatback pouches, more reading lights, chrome insert strips inside the body side mouldings plus bumpers, red tailgate garnish plus orange beaver panel garnish. Air conditioning plus force windows were optional. The stereo had been a digitally-tuned AM/FM device, that showcased a cassette player with Dolby increased sound. The 1.6-litre engine was fitted because standard, with EFI optional, with either 5-speed guide or 3-speed automatic transmission.

The TX3 was the Laser 'flagship'. It came standard with 14" satin-chrome alloy wheels, sports cloth inside trim, red insert strips inside the body side mouldings plus bumpers, black tailgate plus beaver panel garnishes, semi-bucket seats with adjustable seat height, back plus lumbar help, car fade inside lights, plus all different Ghia appointings. EFI plus A/C was standard, plus automatic transmission wasn't accessible. The TX3 equally had a special front fascia with quad headlights as well as the parker lights included into the signal lenses plus two-tone paint.
Ford Laser GL Redline 5-door hatchback
Ford Laser GL Livewire sedan

Halfway by KE manufacturing, Ford introduced 2 limited edition versions, called "Redline", plus "Livewire". The Redline was based found on the GL hatch, whilst the Livewire was based found on the GL sedan plus hatch. The Redline showcased the TX3's alloy wheels, two-tone paint plus red inserts inside the body-side mouldings plus bumpers, air conditioner, along with a tachometer. The Livewire showcased yellow inserts inside the body side mouldings plus bumpers, air conditioner, along with a tachometer. Both models had 5-speed manual transmission because standard, with 3-speed automatic transmission because a choice.
In automotive technology, an inlet manifold or consumption manifold is the piece of a engine which supplies the fuel/air mixture with the cylinders. The word manifold originates from the Old English word manigfeald plus pertains with the folding together of numerous inputs plus outputs.

On the other hand, an exhaust manifold collects the exhaust gases from numerous cylinders into 1 pipe.
Carburetors chosen because consumption runners

The main function of the consumption manifold is with evenly distribute the combustion mixture with every consumption port inside the cylinder head. Even distribution is significant with optimize the efficiency plus performance of the engine. It can equally serve because a mount for the carburetor, throttle body, gas injectors plus different components of the engine.

Due with the downward movement of the pistons as well as the limit caused by the throttle valve, inside a reciprocating spark ignition piston engine, a partial vacuum exists inside the consumption manifold. This manifold vacuum is substantial, plus is utilized because a source of car ancillary energy with drive auxiliary systems: force assisted brakes, emission control equipment, cruise control, ignition advance, windshield wipers, force windows, ventilation program valves, etc.

This vacuum may additionally be selected with draw any piston blow-by gases within the engine's crankcase. This really is recognised as a positive crankcase ventilation program. This means the gases are burnt with all the fuel/air mixture.

The consumption manifold has historically been produced from aluminum or cast iron, yet utilize of composite plastic components is gaining recognition.
KE model range;

Laser L - Hatch or wagon
Laser GL - Hatch, sedan or wagon
Laser Ghia - Hatch, sedan or wagon
Laser TX3
Laser TX3 Turbo
Laser TX3 Turbo 4WD

Engine specifications:

Mazda E3, 49 kW 1.3 L Carb 8V SOHC
Mazda E5T, 85 kW 1.5 L EFI 8V SOHC Turbo
Mazda B6, 53 kW 1.6 L Carb 8V SOHC
Mazda B6, 62 kW 1.6 L EFI 8V SOHC
Mazda B6T, 100 kW 1.6 L EFI 16V DOHC Turbo

Meteor
1985–1987 Ford Meteor GL
1985–1987 Ford Meteor GL

The Meteor name was discontinued inside Australia inside 1987, with "Laser" today selected for sedans plus wagons and also for hatchbacks. The name did survive inside South Africa, where it was employed from 1986 with 1995. Additionally with the 1.3L carb, 1.6L carb plus 1.6L EFi machines, South African models of the Laser plus Meteor furthermore gained the Mazda FE-DOHC EFi 16-valve engine with 146 hp plus 136 lb·ft from 1991 with 1993.
Engine specifications:

Mazda B3, 47 kW 1.3 L Carb 16V SOHC
Mazda B6-2E, 64 kW 1.6 L Carb 16V SOHC
Mazda BP SOHC aka B8, 76 kW 1.8 L F/I 16V SOHC
Mazda BP DOHC, 92 kW 1.8 L F/I 16V DOHC
Mazda BPT, 117 kW 1.8 L F/I 16V DOHC Turbo
The Japanese built KJ Laser represented a main change inside design; searching fairly different within the past KH model. The unique KJ Laser was introduced inside 1994 with variants, facelifts plus engine driveline improvements continuing up till the last of the KJ series were introduced inside 1998. The KJ Laser was the initial Laser produced wholly inside Japan, following Ford Australia's choice with close their Homebush plant. But, the KJ was disappointing inside sales numbers because of the small Festiva plus additional cheaper Korean models with that various traditional customers flocked.

Engine Specifications:

Mazda B6, 80 kW, 1.6L, 16V, DOHC
Mazda BP, 92 kW, 1.8L, 16V, DOHC

A hatchback is a vehicle body configuration with a back door which swings up with supply access with a cargo location. Hatchbacks might feature fold-down 2nd row seating, where the interior is flexibly reconfigured with prioritize passenger vs. cargo amount. Hatchbacks can feature two- or three-box shape.

While early samples of the body configuration is traced with the 1930s, the Merriam-Webster dictionary dates the expression itself with 1970. The hatchback body fashion has been advertised worldwide about vehicles ranging inside size from superminis with little family vehicles, and also executive vehicles.
Hatchbacks can be described because three-door or five-door vehicles. A model range will include numerous designs, because with all the 2001–2007 Ford Focus that available sedan, wagon, plus 3 or five-door hatchback models. The models usually share a platform, drivetrain plus bodywork forward of the A-pillar. Hatchbacks will have a removable rigid parcel shelf, liftable with all the tailgate, or flexible roll-up tonneau cover to pay for the cargo room behind the back seats.
Both station wagons plus hatchbacks usually feature a two-box shape configuration, with 1 shared, flexible, inside amount for travelers plus cargo—and a back door for cargo access. Further distinctions are very variable:

Pillars: Both designs usually feature A, B & C pillars, station wagons more probably additionally feature a D pillar too.

Cargo Volume: Station wagons prioritize passenger plus cargo volume—with windows apart the cargo amount. Of the 2 body designs, a station wagon's rooftop more probably extends with the rearmost of the car, enclosing a full-height cargo volume—a hatchback rooftop would more probably rake down steeply behind the C-Pillar, prioritizing fashion over interior amount, with smaller back overhang plus with small windows apart the cargo amount.

Cargo floor contour: Favoring cargo ability, a station wagon can prioritize a fold-flat floor, where a hatchback might more probably let a cargo floor with pronounced shape.

Seating: Station wagons have 2 or 3 rows of seats when hatchbacks have 1 or 2 rows of seats.

Rear suspension: A station wagon could include reconfigured back suspension for extra weight capability plus with reduce intrusion into the cargo amount,.

Rear Door: Hatchbacks usually feature a top-hinged liftgate for cargo access, with variations from a single liftgate with a complex tailgate which will function either because a full tailgate or because a torso lid. Station wagons have many tailgate designs. Typically, a hatchback's hatch or liftgate refuses to extend right down to the bumper, because about wagons. Another appearance variation which looks with blur the lines between a commonly defined hatchback vs the station wagon is known as a kammback, that mostly qualities a sloping rooftop towards the finish of the car, with an virtually vertical back section with the bumper.

Automotive journalist Dan Neil, inside a 2002 NY Times report described verticality of the back cargo door because the prime distinction between a hatchback along with a station wagon: "Where we break the roofline, at what angle, defines the spirit of the car," he mentioned. "You may have a 90-degree break inside the back plus have a station wagon."
The Japanese built KJ Laser represented a main change inside design; lookin quite different within the past KH model. The brand-new KJ Laser was introduced inside 1994 with variants, facelifts plus engine driveline improvements continuing up till the last of the KJ series were introduced inside 1998. The KJ Laser was the initial Laser produced wholly inside Japan, following Ford Australia's choice with close their Homebush plant. But, the KJ was disappointing inside sales numbers because of the small Festiva plus different cheaper Korean models with that various traditional customers flocked.

Engine Specifications:

Mazda B6, 80 kW, 1.6L, 16V, DOHC
Mazda BP, 92 kW, 1.8L, 16V, DOHC

The KN Laser was the last fresh form of Laser with be introduced. Released inside Australia inside May 1999, the model range was virtually completely identical with the Mazda 323 about that it was based, that was the very first time because the KE Laser. In February 2001, the KN received a minor facelift plus became the KQ Laser. The big information with all the KQ Laser was the addition of the 2.0-litre 4-cylinder engine for the modern top-spec "SR2", that was furthermore the initially sports-oriented Laser variant inside virtually five years, because the unpopular Laser Lynx was discontinued inside 1996. A hot "SR" amount of trim, that sat under SR2 was equally introduced at this time. The KQ is recognized within the earlier KN, with a unique grille with chrome moulding, new headlights, revised tail lights, different outdoor colors, plus somewhat revised interiors. In March 2002, due with dropping sales, Ford created 1 last attempt with restore the Laser's recognition with its past fame, by announcing minor updates with the SR2, plus added 3 hot outdoor colors with the range, being "Goldrush", "Red Revenge", plus "Electric Blue". Three motors were accessible, a 1.6-litre which was fitted with the LXi, a 1.8-litre which was fitted with the GLXi & SR, along with a 2.0-litre that has been exclusive with the SR2. Despite Laser having a wise standing with customers on the market, plus several tries from Ford with re-ignite interest inside the model, it nonetheless failed with market inside fair numbers. In September 2002, Ford decided with discontinue the Laser inside Australia, substituting it with all the European-sourced Focus.

Model range;

Laser LXi
Laser GLXi
Laser XRInzs sr2 2.0l
Laser SR
Laser SR2

Engine specifications:

Mazda 1.8 L FP-DE DOHC I4 91 kW plus 163 N·m
Mazda 2.0 L FS, 97 kW plus 183 N·m
Mazda 2.0 L FS-ZE
1.6 L ZM-DE 72 kW plus 145 N·m

Kerb Weight: 1201 kg Gross Car Weight: 0 kg Height: 1410mm Width: 1705mm Length: 4250mm Ground Clearance: 105mm Towing Capacity: brake, Unbrake Steering Type: RACK & PINION - POWER ASSISTED Turning Circle: 10.4 Front Rim Size: Front Tyres: 195/50 R16 Rear Tyres: 195/50 R16 Wheel Base: Front Track: 1470mm Rear Track: 1470mm Front Brakes: DISC - SOLID Rear Brakes: DISC - SOLID Front Suspension: Independent MacPherson strut Coil Spring Double performing shock absorber Stabiliser bar Rear Suspension: Independent MacPherson strut Trapezoidal link Double performing shock absorber Stabiliser bar