W123 is the internal chassis-designation Mercedes-Benz employed for their executive line of vehicles, produced between 1976 plus 1985.
The W123 models surpassed their predecessor, the W114 plus W115 models, because the many lucrative Mercedes, marketing 2.7 million vehicles before substitution by the W124 following 1985. The more range of small Mercedes-Benz W201 models were introduced inside 1982.

Mercedes-Benz introduced the W123 four-door versions inside January, 1976. While there were several technical similarities with their predecessors, the new models were greater inside wheelbase plus outdoor dimensions. The styling was equally up-to-date, though stylistic hyperlinks with all the W115 were maintained. Initially, all models except 280/280E showcased quad unequal-size round headlights as well as the latter big rectangular units. Whenever facelifted these units became standard over the range. All W115 motors were carried over, with all the 3 litre 5-cylinder diesel model being renamed from "240D 3.0" with "300D". The just new engine was the 250's 2,525 cc inline-six which changed the older 2,496 cc Type M114 "six".
In the spring of 1976, a coupé adaptation was introduced about a smaller wheelbase than the saloon vs 2,795 mm) for the saloon). This W123C/CE was accessible because a 230C plus because a 280C/CE inside many markets; inside North America there were extra 300CD versions with naturally aspirated, later turbocharged 3 litre diesel motors.
It is a tribute with the car's instant recognition – plus perhaps with the caution built into the creation plans – which 9 months following its introduction, a black marketplace had developed inside Germany for Mercedes-Benz W123s accessible for immediate delivery. Customers prepared with purchase fresh vehicles off their regional authorized dealer for the recommended list cost confronted waiting occasions inside extra of twelve months. Meanwhile, models which were hardly chosen plus were accessible virtually instantly commanded a premium over the modern cost of about DM 5,000.
From August 1977, long-wheelbase versions) were yielded. These were accessible because 7/8 seater saloons with functions bodies or because a chassis with complete front body clip, the latter serving because the base for ambulance plus hearse bodies by exterior dealers like Binz or Miesen. These "Lang" versions can be ordered because 240D, 300D plus 250 models.
At the Frankfurt Car Show inside September, 1977 the W123T property was introduced; the T inside the model designation stood for "Touring plus Transport". All motors derivative except "200TD" were obtainable in the range. T creation started inside March, 1978 inside Mercedes' Bremen factory.
In early 1979, the diesel models energy output was increased; force rose from 55 PS with 60 PS inside the 200D, from 65 PS with 72 PS inside the 240D plus from 80 PS with 88 PS inside the 300D; simultaneously, the 220D went from manufacturing.
The initial Mercedes turbo diesel manufacturing W123 appeared inside September, 1979. This was the 300 TD Turbodiesel, accessible with automatic transmission just. In many markets, the turbocharged 5-cylinder 3 litre diesel engine was available just inside the T body design, whilst inside North America it was additionally obtainable in saloon plus coupé guises.
June 1980 saw the introduction of unique 4-cylinder petrol motors. A modern 2 litre 4 with smaller stroke changed the aged M115, a fuel-injected 2.3 litre variation of the engine the aged carbureted 230. Both motors were more effective than their predecessors.
In 1980/81 the carbureted 280 versions went from production; the fuel-injected 280E continued with be available.
In September, 1982, all models received a light facelift. The rectangular headlights, earlier fitted just with the 280/280E, were standardized over the board, because was energy steering. Because February, 1982, an optional 5-speed guide transmission was obtainable in all models.
W123 manufacturing ended inside January, 1986 with 63 T-models rolling out. Most common single models were the 240D, the 230E as well as the 200D.
W123 introduced innovations including ABS, a retractable steering column plus an airbag for the driver.
Available choices included MB-Tex upholstery or velour or leather upholstery, inside lumber trim, passenger side outdoor mirror, 5-speed guide transmission, 4-speed automatic transmission, energy windows with rear-seat switch cut-outs, vacuum driven central locking, rear-facing additional seats, Standheizung, self-locking differential, sunlight rooftop, air conditioner, climate control, "Alpine" horn, headlamp wipers, Tempomat, energy steering, seat heating, catalytic converter 1984 additionally inside Germany for the 230E of that 1 1000 were built).
Power assisted disk brakes were standard about all W123s.The straight-five engine or inline-five engine is an internal combustion engine with five cylinders aligned inside 1 row or airplane, sharing a single engine block plus crankcase. This configuration is a compromise amongst the small inline-four engine as well as the greater straight-6.
Henry Ford had an inline-five engine developed inside the late 1930s with early 1940s for a compact economy automobile shape, that not saw manufacturing due with deficiency of need for little vehicles inside the United States. Consequently, a straight-five engine didn't see manufacturing for passenger vehicles till Mercedes-Benz introduced the OM617 diesel inside 1974. The initial manufacturing petrol straight-five was the 2.1 R5 introduced by Volkswagen Group inside the Audi 100 towards the finish of the 1970s, developments of that driven the Audi Quattro rally racer. Because Volvo introduced their Volvo 850 inside 1992, much of their lineup has flipped with straight-five energy, with their motors moreover seeing employ inside Ford's Focus ST plus RS models. Honda utilized straight-fives inside the Vigor, Inspire, Ascot, Rafaga, plus Acura TL.
In the late 1990s, Rover Group developed an in-house straight-five diesel engine, the Td5, for the Discovery plus Defender. Volkswagen has utilized straight-five motors inside their Eurovan, plus have newly developed a different straight-five engine that is chosen inside the Jetta, Passat plus Rabbit inside North America. Fiat moreover utilizes straight-fives inside heavier Fiat, Alfa Romeo plus Lancia models. General Motors has utilized Atlas-based straight-fives inside their GMT 355 mid-size truck family because 2004.The five-cylinder engine's benefit over a similar four-cylinder engine is ideal understood by considering force strokes plus their frequency. A four-stroke cycle engine fires its cylinders when each 720 levels — the crankshaft makes 2 complete rotations. If you assume an even firing engine, you may split 720 levels by the quantity of cylinders with determine how frequently a energy stroke happens. For a four-cylinder engine, 720° ÷ 4 = 180° thus there is a force stroke each 180 levels, that is 2 force strokes per revolution of the crankshaft. A V8 engine gets a energy stroke each 90 degrees: 720° ÷ 8 = 90°, that is 4 force stokes for every revolution of the crankshaft.
A provided force stroke could last no over 180 levels of crankshaft rotation, thus the energy strokes of the four-cylinder engine are sequential, without overlap. At the finish of 1 cylinder's force stroke another cylinder fires.
In a 1, 2, or 3 cylinder engine there are occasions whenever no force stroke is occurring. In a three-cylinder engine a force stroke happens each 240 degrees. Because a force stroke cannot last longer than 180 levels, this signifies a three-cylinder engine has 60 levels of "silence" whenever no force stroke occurs.
Five-cylinder motors has a crank with 72 degree angles. Many five cylinder motors have the firing purchase 1-2-4-5-3. Firing of 1 cylinder following another is not utilized except inside 3 cylinder motors where there is not a alternative. Why for this might be which the resulting engine can have a sturdy tendency of rocking from end with end, plus having commonly bad balance.
A five-cylinder engine gets a energy stroke each 144 degrees. Because every energy stroke lasts 180 levels, this signifies a force stroke is usually inside impact. Because of uneven degrees of torque throughout the expansion strokes split amidst the five cylinders, there are improved secondary-order vibrations. At high engine speeds, there is an uneven third-order vibration within the crankshaft that happens each 144 degrees. Because the energy strokes have several overlap, a five-cylinder engine could run more smoothly than a non-overlapping four-cylinder engine, yet just at limited mid-range speeds where 2nd plus third-order vibrations are lower.
Every cylinder added beyond five increases the overlap of firing strokes plus makes for less main purchase vibration. An inline-six gets a energy stroke each 120 degrees. So there is much more overlap than inside a five-cylinder engine. But, this heighten inside smoothness of the six-cylinder engine over a five-cylinder engine is less pronounced because which of the five-cylinder engine over a four-cylinder engine. The inline-five loses less energy with friction than an inline-six. It also utilizes fewer components, plus it's physically less, thus it demands less area inside the engine bay, permitting for transverse mounting.
A five-cylinder engine is longer plus higher priced with manufacture than a similar four-cylinder engine, however several producers feel these fees are outweighed by its better ability inside a small room than a six-cylinder.
From the standpoint of driving experience, five-cylinder motors are noted for combining the number one aspects of four- plus six-cylinder motors. They generate more force plus torque than four-cylinder machines, when keeping greater gas economy plus "pep" than six-cylinder motors. Five-cylinder turbos have been utilized about multiple event inside sport plus racing applications for their balance of performance properties. The Volvo S60 R has a 2.5 litre turbocharged inline five-cylinder engine that is capable of generating 300 brake horsepower plus 295 lbf·ft of torque over a big amount of its rpm ranges. The new Ford Focus RS performance auto utilizes the same Volvo 5-cylinder engine, developed with fairly synonymous force degrees, plus is regarded as the many effective FWD creation vehicles ever built. Another illustration of the excellent force 5 cylinder vehicle is the Audi RS2, with its 2.2 turbocharged engine creating 311 hp.
A drawback of the straight-five over a straight-six engine is the fact that a straight-five engine is not inherently balanced. A straight-five shape has free moments of the initially plus 2nd purchase, when a straight-six has zero free moments. This signifies which no more balance shafts are required inside a straight-six. By comparison an inline-four engine has no free moments of the initially or 2nd purchase, nevertheless it does have a big free force of the next purchase that adds with the vibration found inside unbalanced straight-four designs.
The utilize of straight-five petrol machines inside mass manufacturing vehicles just became really worthwhile with all the advent of reliable gas injection. A five-cylinder engine utilizing a carburetor gas program has an unavoidable condition because the size of the inlet manifold between your carburetor varies too greatly between cylinders at the ends of the engine plus those nearer the carburetor for reliable plus consistent gas delivery. Using several carburetors usually results inside 1 carburetor feeding more cylinders than the additional, that moreover produces running plus tuning difficulties. In theory individual carburetors can be employed for every cylinder, yet this approach is pricey plus nevertheless brings with it the attendant issues inside balancing the numerous carbs. Multi-point gas injection circumvents all above difficulties by feeding every cylinder individually from a central, single pump. This fuelling problem was not present inside diesel motors that employed direct injection within the truly begin, that is why big five-cylinder diesels were commonly watched years before the type's adoption for automotive utilize.
The inline-five is acknowledged for the characteristic sound. Unlike additional engine designs, the in-line five's sound is approximated by doubling the cylinders.

The Mercedes-Benz W114 plus W115 models are a series of coupes plus sedans introduced inside 1968 by Mercedes-Benz, produced from model year 1976, plus recognized on the market by nameplates designating their motors.
W114 models showcased six-cylinder machines plus were advertised because the 230, 250, plus 280, when W115 models showcased four-cylinder motors plus were advertised because the 220, 220, 230, plus 240.
All were styled by Paul Bracq, featuring a three-box shape. At the time, Mercedes advertised sedans inside 2 size classes, with all the W114/W115, placed under the Mercedes-Benz S-Class.
Starting inside 1968, Mercedes advertised their model range because New Generation Models, offering their ID plates the designation '/8'. Because they were truly the only really new vehicles of the so-called 'New Generation' plus as a result of the '/8' or 'slash eight' designation, W114 plus W115 models eventually received the German nickname Strich Acht, loosely translated into the English Stroke Eight.The W114/W115 models were the initial post-war Mercedes-Benz manufacturing automobile with employ a newly designed chassis, not produced from preceding models. The new chassis structure of semi-trailing back arms plus ball-joint front end, initial shown inside the W114/W115 chassis will be employed in every brand-new Mercedes passenger vehicle models till the development of the multi-link back suspensions of the 1980s. The W108/109 S-Class chassis of the 280S/8, 280SE/8 plus 300SEL/8 will be the last of the low-pivot swing axle plus king pin/double wishbone front ends. The upcoming S-Class -the W116 chassis- having the same technology of the W114/115.
The W114/W115 models changed the W110 Fintail models stemming from 1961, plus were themselves changed by the W123 series following 1976.
The Mercedes-Benz W114/W115 was the mid-sized saloon model for Mercedes, placed under the S-Class. Mercedes furthermore established its initially 5-cylinder diesel engine OM617 inside this chassis. It followed seriously inside the way set by the W108/109 S-class, that was introduced inside 1965 plus heralded the hot shape idiom. The vehicle was crafted by French car designer Paul Bracq that was chief designer at Mercedes-Benz for models from 1957 with 1967, a period which included models including the Grosser Mercedes-Benz 600. Bracq was moreover responsible for BMW designs plus Peugeot designs.
Mercedes introduced a coupé variant of the W114 inside 1969, featuring a longer boot bonnet plus accessible with either a 2.5 or 2.8 litre six-cylinder engine. It is considered by fanatics with be among the best classics of the 1960s plus 1970s, though this might be not reflected inside the costs of these vehicles that is commonly lower than its more common contemporaries the Mercedes SL R107/C107 roadster plus coupé that showcased the 3.5 or 4.5 litre V8 beneath the bonnet, plus just a fraction of cost commanded by the Pagoda models. While a 'hard-top' unlike the completely convertible SL, the pillarless shape permitted all of the windows might be lowered completely for open air motoring. Just 67,048 coupés were produced from 1969 with 1976. Of these 24,669 were 280C plus 280CE, plus 42,379 were the lower 250C plus 250CE.


Mercedes-Benz W114 250 saloon: this post facelift variation is recognized with a lower plus wider radiator grill, plus differing treatment under the single front bumper / fender.


The New Generation Models
The W114 received a facelift inside 1973 - with a lower bonnet-line, lower plus broader grill, a single front bumper with substitute the double bumpers, lower location of the headlamps, A-pillar treatment for keeping the side windows well-defined, treatment of the quarter-windows, ribbed tail lights with reduce occlusion of the tail lights with road dirt, plus greater side mirrors. The inside received inertia reel belts along with a fresh padded steering wheel with a four-hole shape.
the Mercedes-Benz W115 inside recognized with be a quite durable vehicle. In 2004 a Greek taxi driver donated his 1976 Mercedes-Benz 240D with the Mercedes-Benz Museum Collection with four.6 Million kilometers found on the odometer, that is recognised because the Mercedes-Benz with all the highest recorded mileage recognized with date.The W114/W115 was introduced inside North America inside 1968, yet with fewer engine options than elsewhere. These models within the begin had special headlights, using the sealed beam lamp rather of the H4 sort utilized inside the European models. Bumpers changed frequently plus there were at smallest 3 different bumpers utilized over the creation run inside NA. For 1974 the bumpers grew greatly due with modern DOT needs.
North American 240Ds were available with a 4-speed guide or 4-speed automatic, while all 5-cylinder 300D models were built with the 4-speed automatic without a guide way.An automotive facelift comprises changes with a car's styling throughout its creation run — including, with very varying degree, unique sheetmetal, inside shape ingredients or mechanical changes — permitting a carmaker with freshen a model without complete redesign.
A facelift retains the standard styling plus platform of the auto, with artistic changes, e.g., changes with the front fascia, taillights, bumpers, instrument panel plus center system, plus many body or inside trim accessories. Mechanical changes will or will not happen concurrently with all the facelift.
A facelift might moreover include a change with the vehicle's name; these was the case whenever Ford renamed their 5 Hundred model with be their Ford Taurus inside 2008.
Facelifts have been happened inside several vehicles whenever halogen headlamps are turned from reflector with projector optics, in different instances certain have been stayed with reflector or projector optics until the finish of manufacturing lifespan.
Three-box shape is a wide automotive styling expression describing a coupé, sedan, notchback or hatchback where — whenever viewed inside profile — principal volumes are articulated into 3 separate compartments or boxes: engine, passenger plus cargo.
Three-box designs are very varying. The Renault Dauphine is a three-box which carries its engine inside the back as well as its cargo up front. The styling of the Škoda Octavia integrates a hatchback with all the articulation of the three-box. This design was later employed by its heavier Škoda Great, that advertised because the TwinDoor, in the liftgate operable because a torso lid or because a full hatchback. As with all the 3rd generation European Ford Escort, the 3rd box can be vestigial. And three-box styling need not be boxy: Car Design News calls the fluid plus rounded Fiat Linea a three-box shape — plus many samples of the markedly bulbous styling of the ponton genre are three-box designs.The smallest creation straight-five was found found on the 1981 Audi 100, with 1921 cc of displacement. Audi selected straight-five motors inside countless of their vehicles between 1977 as well as the early 1990s, plus began utilizing them again inside the 2000s together with VW. Mercedes selected five-cylinder configuration for their diesels inside the 1970s all of the method to the 2000s. The GM Atlas L5R 3700 is the biggest at 3,654 cc. Currently Volvo Cars utilizes the straight five-cylinder engine because their mainstay engine inside each car inside the lineup. The inline five motors chosen by Volvo plus Ford are built at the Volvo Skövde engine plant inside Skövde, Sweden.
The Audi S-5, 2226 cc, 4v/cyl, was additionally selected found on the Italdesign Aztec. It might provide 220 bhp at 6,200 rpm.
Select active generation Volkswagen Jetta, Volkswagen Passat, Volkswagen Golf plus Volkswagen Beetle models use the straight five 2.5L engine.
Audi AG moreover uses the turbocharged straight five engine found on the active generation RS3 plus TT-RS models.The Mercedes-Benz S-Class is a series of deluxe sedans yielded by German automaker Mercedes-Benz, a division of German firm Daimler AG. The category was officially introduced inside 1972 with all the W116 S-Class, that succeeded past Mercedes-Benz models dating with the mid-1950s. The S-Class has served because the flagship model for Mercedes for over fifty years inside its different incarnations. The S-Class has debuted most company's newest innovations, including drivetrain technologies, inside qualities, plus protection systems. The S-Class has rated because the world's best-selling deluxe sedan, as well as its newest generation, the W221 S-Class, premiered inside 2005 because an all-new shape. As inside past iterations, the W221 S-Class is available inside standard- plus long-wheelbase versions; I4, V6, V8, V12, diesel plus crossbreed powertrains are available. All models integrated Mexico or available inside the United States are just obtainable in extended wheelbase.
"S-Class" is an anglicisation of ""S-Klasse," a German abbreviation of "Sonderklasse," meaning "unique class". In automotive terms therefore pertains with "a specifically outfitted car". Although employed colloquially for years, following its official application inside 1972, five decades of officially called S-Class sedans have been yielded. Past two-door coupe models of the S-Class were termed as SEC plus later S-Coupe. In 1998 the S class coupe was spun off inside a separate line because the CL-Class, though it is re-designated because the S-Coupe for the 2013 model year.In 1993, whenever the W202 was introduced because C-Class, the conventional naming convention was reversed, with a leading letter identifying the line. From then about, the long-wheelbase models as well as the regular-length models are both labeled with all the prefix of "S" irrespective of size. As an example, both 500SE plus 500SEL are today labeled because S500/S500L, with gas injection being standard at this point anyway. The W221 S-Class has been obtainable in 4 trim levels; the numbers are provided inside ascending purchase with denote more upscale models/S600/S63 AMG/S65 AMG etc.). In official Mercedes-Benz magazines plus about car nameplates, a room amongst the letter plus numbers is customaryThe Mercedes-Benz W180 is a 6-cylinder sedan, coupé, plus convertible made of 1954 with 1959. The models associated with all the W180 chassis code were the 220a plus 220S. The latter has usually been diagnosed because the initially E-Class, though Mercedes-Benz didn't officially follow the E-Class nameplate for the midsize line till 1984.
The W180 was 1 inside a series of Mercedes-Benz models with informally obtain the "Ponton" nickname. This was inside reference with the unibody-type, pontoon-shaped outdoor styling that was additionally showcased found on the later W128 line.

The 220a was succeeded inside March 1956 by the 220S, that was externally virtually identical, yet had an upgraded variation of the 2.2L inline-six, later 106 PS), due with the utilization of twin-carburettors.
Visually, the 220S showcased a fresh 1 part front bumper, rather of the 3-piece bumper utilized found on the 220a. Additionally, the twin chrome plus rubber strips running below the doorways of the 220a were changed with strong chrome strips. The many apparent difference is the addition of the chrome strip running over the front fenders plus doorways of the 220S.
The 220S was accessible with a 4-speed column shift manual transmission, with an optional Hydrak automatic clutch. This used tiny microswitches found on the gear selector which automatically disengaged the clutch whenever the driver changed gears. Many cars have subsequently been converted with utilize a normal manual clutch, due with the significant maintenece bills of continuing with utilize the Hydrak clutch.
Additionally introduced with all the 220S was the W105 219, that within the a-pillar forward was basically a single-carburettor 220a, however rearward within the a-pillar it employed the smaller body of the W120/W121 180/190 models.
In July 1956 a Cabriolet joined the line-up, plus inside October 1956 a Coupé variation followed suit. Many Cabriolets were completed with folding back seats to support extra luggage.
Until October 1959, 55,279 220S saloons plus 3,429 Cabriolets plus Coupés were built.
The fuel-injected 220SE versions which officially bore the model code W128 were introduced inside October 1958 plus continued till November 1960.The Mercedes-Benz CL-Class is a deluxe coupé car yielded by the German automaker Mercedes-Benz. The name CL stands for the German Coupe Leicht.
The CL-Class is based found on the S-Class fullsize deluxe sedan. Known at initially because the SEC plus later S coupé, it was spun off into its own, present name inside 1996 plus inside 1997 for North American markets. The CL continues to adhere to the same development cycle because the S, though riding about a less wheelbase, plus sharing the same machines albeit with less choice because just the higher-output powertrains are available. The active generation of the CL is heavier than the S.
The present generation of the CL-Class, C216, is currently obtainable in 4 models: CL 500, CL 600, CL 63 AMG plus CL 65 AMG. The CL 65 AMG is the many effective model of the CL as well as the many pricey Mercedes-branded car, somewhat edging out its S-Class similar S65 AMG as well as the SLS. CL sales are the third-lowest of Mercedes-Benz inside North America with beneath 1400 units available inside 2006, because just the G-Class four-wheel drive plus two-seat SLS AMG market small numbers; yearly CL sales equal Ford pickup sales for 1 day. But, this degree of distinction is considered appealing with CL customers.
Main competitors of the CL-Class inside the deluxe 2+2 coupe segment