Toyota Land Cruiser Prado is a mid-size four-wheel drive car inside the Toyota Land Cruiser range. It is yielded by the Japanese auto machine, Toyota Motor Corporation. The Prado is regarded as the small cars inside the range. The 2014 Prado is based about Toyota's J150 platform.

In Europe the 2014 Prado is designated Land Cruiser LC3, LC4, plus LC5, depending found on the equipment degrees. The Prado might additionally be refereed with because Land Cruiser LC70, LC90, LC120, plus LC150 depending found on the platform. In North America it is very not piece of the Land Cruiser range; the Toyota 4Runner replaces the Prado with simple trim whilst the Lexus GX 470 replaces the Prado with deluxe trim. The GX 470 utilizes practically identical body panels plus V8 engine.

Prados have ladder frames, two-speed transfer boxes plus back beam axles. The J70 platform has a front beam axle when the J90, J120, plus J150 platforms have front independent suspension

The 2014 Prado is obtainable in GX, GXL, VX, plus Grande versions. The GX is the entry level model, when the Grande is the deluxe adaptation. In many markets the Parado is accessible with a four.0 L V6 petrol engine or 3.0 L directly 4 Diesel engine. In several European nations commercial van variants, based found on the short-wheelbase chassis. are accessible.

Lexus introduced the GX 470 at the North American International Car Show inside January 2002 because a 2003 model, with sales commencing inside November 2002. The GX development system started inside 1999 after the J120 Toyota Land Cruiser Prado inside 1997, with shape function by Shoichi Fujiyoshi concluding inside the initially half of 2000. Heavily based found on the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado, the GX plus Prado shared a normal platform, mechanicals, plus bodyworks, thus consequently had usual standard dimensions. Likewise, the interiors were much the same, with all the Lexus getting further premium touches compared to the Toyota-badged adaptation. Like the Prado, the GX shape included welded steel body-on-frame construction, an electronically controlled five-speed automatic transmission, plus lasting four-wheel drive with a center locking Torsen differential. The suspension shared its design with all the Toyota 4Runner loaded with the back air suspension, when adding Adaptive Variable Suspension plus Downhill Assist Control. AVS can change damper firmness constantly whilst DAC modulated descents down slopes. Power came from a four.7-liter, 32-valve, four-cam 2UZ-FE V8 engine initially rated at 175 kW at 4,800 rpm plus 434 N·m of torque at 3,400 rpm. Towing capability was rated at 2,300 kg for the 2003 model year. Midway from the 2004 model year, the GX received an upgraded towing capability of 2,900 kg with all the addition of the much stronger frame-bolted tubular hitch. Ground clearance calculated 211 millimetres, with an approach angle of 30-degrees along with a departure angle of 29-degrees raised. The GX 470 carried a drag coefficient of Cd=0.38.
Lexus GX 470 interior

The interior came loaded with 2 rows of seating, whilst an optional 3rd row authorized about 8 guests with be carried. But, the folding 3rd row was tight with just 610 mm of legroom. A Mark Levinson sound program and a Rear Seat Entertainment System were accessible because choices. A side-opening back tailgate was standard.

In 2003, for the 2004 model year, the GX 470's transmission was upgraded with a sealed device without dipstick. An optional Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System became accessible because a late-year addition. KDSS freed plus modified the vehicle's stabilizer bars for better articulation permitting the wheels with move with less regulation over uneven terrain, plus chosen front plus back hydraulic pressure-sensing valves plus greater stabilizer bars with lower body roll throughout on-road conditions. Safety updates for 2004 included a roll-sensing feature for the side curtain airbags, a tire stress monitoring program, plus an optional back backup camera
Many differentials do not have technique of limiting the amount of engine energy which gets delivered with its connected output shafts. As a happen, when a tire loses traction about acceleration, either as a result of a low-traction condition or the engine energy overcomes accessible traction, the tire which is not slipping receives small or no energy within the engine. In low traction conditions, this may avoid the car from moving at all. To overcome this, there are many designs of differentials which could either limit the amount of slip or temporarily lock the 2 output shafts together with guarantee which engine energy reaches all driven wheels equally.

Locking differentials function by temporarily locking together a differential's output shafts, causing all wheels with turn at the same rate, providing torque just in case of slippage. This really is commonly chosen for the center differential, that distributes force amongst the front as well as the back axles. While a drivetrain which turns all wheels equally might usually fight the driver plus cause handling issues, this might be not a concern whenever wheels are slipping.

The 2 most commonly known factory-installed locking differentials employ either a computer-controlled multi-plate clutch or viscous coupling device with join the shafts, whilst alternative differentials more popular about off-road cars usually employ manually operated locking equipment. In the multi-plate clutch the vehicle's computer senses slippage plus locks the shafts, causing a tiny jolt whenever it activates, that may disturb the driver or result more traction reduction. In the viscous coupling differentials the shear strain of significant shaft speed variations causes a dilatant fluid inside the differential with become strong, linking the 2 shafts. This shape suffers from fluid degradation with age plus from exponential locking behavior. Many designs employ gearing with create a little rotational difference which hastens torque transfer.

A 3rd approach with limiting slippage is taken with a Torsen differential. A Torsen differential enables the output shafts with obtain different amounts of torque. This shape refuses to supply for traction whenever 1 wheel is spinning freely, where there is not a torque, however offers great handling inside less extreme instances. A typical Torsen II differential may deliver about twice because much torque with the significant traction side before traction is surpassed at the lower traction side.

A very latest innovation inside vehicles is electronic traction control. Traction control usually utilizes a vehicle's braking program with slow a spinning wheel. This forced slowing emulates the function of the limited-slip differential, plus, by utilizing the brakes more aggressively with guarantee wheels are being driven at the same speed, could moreover emulate a locking differential. It ought to be noted which this technique usually needs wheel sensors with identify whenever a wheel is slipping, plus just activates whenever wheel slip is recognized. So, there is usually no system with actively avoid wheel slip, somewhat the program is made with expressly allow wheel slip with happen, plus then attempt with send torque with the wheels with all the right traction. If preventing all-wheel slip is a requirement, this really is a limiting design
First developed because the light-duty car of the 70 Series, inside November 1984. Available just inside brief body, plus there were choices for soft top or difficult top. Names like Land Cruiser II, Land Cruiser, plus Bundera were prepared for these 'Light Duty' Land Cruisers. The Bundera had been a medium wheelbase two-door with a plastic top plus barn doorways at the back. There were 3 choices for the engine, the 2.4 L 22R petrol engine plus 2.4 L 2L plus 2L-T diesel plus turbo diesel motors. Transmission for the gasoline engine is the G52 sort whilst the diesels employed the R150 plus R151 kinds. These were the same machines plus transmission employed inside 4Runner, inside cooperation with Hino.
The initial commercial electronic gas injection program was Electrojector, developed by the Bendix Corporation plus was provided by American Motors Corporation inside 1957. The Rambler Rebel, showcased AMC's new 327 cu inside engine. The Electrojector was a choice plus rated at 288 bhp. The EFI yielded peak torque 500 rpm lower than the equal carburetored engine The Rebel Owners Manual described the shape plus surgery of the unique program.. The expense of the EFI choice was US$395 plus it was accessible about 15 June 1957. Electrojector's teething difficulties meant just pre-production vehicles were thus equipped: therefore, few vehicles thus equipped were ever available plus none were prepared accessible with the public. The EFI program inside the Rambler ran fine inside warm weather, yet suffered difficult beginning inside cooler temperatures.

Chrysler available Electrojector found on the 1958 Chrysler 300D, DeSoto Adventurer, Dodge D-500 plus Plymouth Fury, arguably the initially series-production vehicles loaded with an EFI program. It was jointly designed by Chrysler plus Bendix. The early electronic components were not equal with the rigors of underhood service, nevertheless, plus were too slow with continue with all the demands of "found on the fly" engine control. Most of the 35 cars initially thus equipped were field-retrofitted with 4-barrel carburetors. The Electrojector patents were subsequently available with Bosch.

Bosch developed an electronic gas injection program, called D-Jetronic, that was initially chosen found on the VW 1600TL/E inside 1967. This had been a speed/density program, utilizing engine speed plus intake manifold air density with calculate "air mass" flow rate and therefore gas needs. This program was adopted by VW, Mercedes-Benz, Porsche, Citroën, Saab, plus Volvo. Lucas certified the program for manufacturing with Jaguar.

Bosch superseded the D-Jetronic program with all the K-Jetronic plus L-Jetronic systems for 1974, though certain vehicles continued utilizing D-Jetronic for the following years. In 1970, the Isuzu 117 Coupé was introduced with a Bosch-supplied D-Jetronic gas injected engine available just inside Japan.
Chevrolet Cosworth Vega engine showing Bendix electronic gas injection.

In Japan, the Toyota Celica chosen electronic, multi-port gas injection inside the optional 18R-E engine inside January 1974. Nissan available electronic, multi-port gas injection inside 1975 with all the Bosch L-Jetronic program chosen inside the Nissan L28E engine plus installed inside the Nissan Fairlady Z, Nissan Cedric, as well as the Nissan Gloria. Nissan additionally installed multi-point gas injection inside the Nissan Y44 V8 engine inside the Nissan President. Toyota shortly followed with all the same development inside 1978 found on the 4M-E engine installed inside the Toyota Crown, the Toyota Supra, as well as the Toyota Mark II. In the 1980s, the Isuzu Piazza, as well as the Mitsubishi Starion added gas injection because standard equipment, developed individually with both businesses history of diesel driven motors. 1981 saw Mazda provide gas injection inside the Mazda Luce with all the Mazda FE engine, plus inside 1983, Subaru available gas injection inside the Subaru EA81 engine installed inside the Subaru Leone. Honda followed inside 1984 with their own program, called PGM-FI inside the Honda Accord, as well as the Honda Vigor utilizing the Honda ES3 engine.

The limited manufacturing Chevrolet Cosworth Vega was introduced inside March 1975 utilizing a Bendix EFI program with pulse-time manifold injection, 4 injector valves, an electronic control device, five independent sensors plus 2 gas pumps. The EFI program was developed with meet stringent emission control needs plus marketplace demands for a technologically advanced sensitive car. 5000 hand-built Cosworth Vega motors were yielded nevertheless just 3,508 vehicles were available from 1976.

The Cadillac Seville was introduced inside 1975 with an EFI program produced by Bendix plus modelled quite carefully about Bosch's D-Jetronic. L-Jetronic initial appeared found on the 1974 Porsche 914, plus utilizes a mechanical airflow meter which produces a signal which is proportional with "air volume". This approach needed extra sensors with measure the atmospheric stress plus temperature, with eventually calculate "air mass". L-Jetronic was generally adopted about European vehicles of which period, along with a limited Japanese models a brief time later.

In 1980, Motorola introduced the initially electronic engine control device, the EEC-III. Its integrated control of engine functions is today the standard approach for gas injection systems. The Motorola development was installed inside Ford North American items.
In May 1996, the J70 series underwent a makeover plus appeared because the J90 series Prado, an independent series. The body was lengthened. The shape stayed medium duty, like the J70. The front suspension was changed with an independent shape, shared with Tacoma plus Hilux Surf, produced by Hino. The J90 was created by Tahara Plant, accessible because a three-door brief wheelbase plus five-door lengthy wheelbase adaptation.

In Japan, the 3-door series began with an R inside the series ranging from RZ, RX, RS with RJ when the 5-door line-up began with T inside the series ranging from TZ, TX, TS, with TJ. All models came with front double wishbone plus 4 connected suspension plus full-time 4WD. ABS along with a Field Monitor showing altimeter, thermometer plus stress were standard in every the models. The field monitor wasn't accessible because standard equipment inside South Africa. Television show plus sound set was optional.

Gasoline machines included the 2.7 L 3RZ-FE plus, unique inside Prado models, the 3.4 L V6 5VZ-FE. Diesel motors were the 2.8 L 3L engine, the 3.0 L 5L engine as well as the 3.0 L 1KZ-TE.

There was additionally a deluxe variation of the J90, called the Challenger. Features of the Challenger are standard leather seats plus lumber found on the dash.

By June 1999, minor changes were prepared. In purchase to adhere to unique regulations, fog-lamps were put into the bumper, except inside South Africa. In July 2000, a brand-new diesel engine, the 3.0 L Common Rail Diesel Injection 1KD-FTV was introduced into this model. To lessen theft, an engine immobilizer was accessible. TX Limited with 8 seats selected TX base with rooftop rail, back beneath mirror, lumber panel finish, arm rest, optitron meter, base cooling in addition to back heater was introduced into this series.

The Prado was assembled by Sofasa inside Colombia from 1999 till 2009 without immense changes. There were 2 versions, a 3-door with a 2.7 L engine plus 5-door with a 3.4 L V6 engine with either a 5-speed guide or perhaps a 4-speed automatic. Between 2005 plus 2009 they available an optional armoured variation of the 5-door variation.

Whenever the Prado was established inside the UK inside 1996, it was called the Land Cruiser Colorado plus changed the 4Runner, that had been discontinued from sale. It was called this with distinguish it within the bigger Land Cruiser – renamed because the Land Cruiser Amazon – that was absolutely about sale. It dropped the Colorado name tag inside 2003, whenever it was renamed just Land Cruiser. In the Republic of Ireland many Land Cruisers were available because commercials with all the side windows plus seats removed for taxes factors.
Parque Prado is the biggest of Montevideo's six main public parks. Established inside 1873, it covers an location of 106 hectares plus is situated inside the barrio of Prado. Located inside the northern piece of the city, the Miguelete Creek flows from the neighbourhood plus park of the same name.
The Japanese gardens at the Blanes Museum.

The Presidential Residence is placed behind the Botanical Gardens. Surrounded by the avenues Agraciada, Lucas Obes, Joaquín Suárez, Luis Alberto de Herrera plus Castro streets plus José María Reyes is Rosedal, the rose garden. The garden contains 4 pergolas, 8 domes, along with a fountain, whilst the 12,000 roses were imported from France inside 1910.

There are 2 museums inside the Prado. Established inside 1930, Juan Manuel Blanes Museum is located inside the Palladian villa, a National Historic Landmark because 1975 plus involves a Japanese garden. The Professor Atilio Lombardo Museum plus Botanical Gardens were established inside 1902. The National Institute of Physical Climatology as well as its observatory are additionally inside the Prado.

Across the Miguelete Creek within the Blanes Museum, inside the neighbourhood of Paso de las Duranas is a small park location that is called Prado Chico plus is considered because an extension of the Prado Park.
Appearing inside 2002, the 3rd generation Prado has revised front suspension with better dependability, along with a modern body developed at the Toyota ED2 shape studio inside France from 1998 with early 2000.

Engines include the 2.7 L straight-4 3RZ-FE, 3.4 L V-6 5VZ-FE plus 3.0 L straight-4 Turbo diesel 1KZ-TE. In nations like China, a newly developed engine 1GR-FE V6 is accessible. The engine immobilizer became standard equipment inside certain markets.

In August 2004, the 3RZ-FE engine was changed by 2.7 L 2TR-FE engine plus inside July 2005, the 5VZ-FE engine was changed by four.0 L V6 1GR-FE engine with 5-speed automatic transmission obtainable in late 2005. In North America, this model is termed as the Lexus GX 470 with all the four.7 L V8 2UZ-FE engine engine.

Diesel models have had the 1KZ-TE turbo diesel engine with maximum output rating 96 kW in addition to the 5L-E all-natural aspirated diesel engine rating 70 kW. In November 2006, Toyota introduced the 1KD-FTV Turbo Diesel of force plus 410 N·m of torque. The upgrade with the D-4D engine was additionally paired with transmission updates with the diesel range, with all the 5-speed automatic plus 6-speed guide transmissions added inside line with all the petrol driven range. From August 2007 the Prado received many equipment plus protection upgrades. The vehicle has claimed 3 awards for the number one performance about a SUV sort car inside Australia plus US.

The 120-series Land Cruiser Prado shares the same suspension components because the present generation Hilux Surf/4Runner plus FJ Cruiser.

There is a less 3 door adaptation of the 120-series, with a 125-code rather of 120. Engines are the same, many attributes are the same; really the 1KZ-TE was just obtainable in five door adaptation. The 3 door wagon qualities just 2 seat rows. The gas tank is limited with 87 L, no sub-fuel-tank program accessible.

For model year 2007 about Japanese models just, G-BOOK, a subscription telematics service, is available because an alternative. In China, Dadi Car prepared a clone of the suv called the Dadi Shuttle.